2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲
考试说明
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的。其中，英语实行全国统一考试。它的评价标准是高等学校非英语专业优秀本科毕业生能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，有利于各高等学校和科研机构在专业上择优选拔。
考试对象为2005年参加全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的本科应届毕业生，以及符合报考条件的具有同等学历的在职人员。
本考试对课程和教材不作统一规定，几符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。
一、评价目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
（一）语言知识
1. 语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2. 词汇
考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录）。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到当今科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，硕士研究入学英语考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握涉及个人好恶、生活习惯、宗教信仰，以及本人工作或专业等方面的特殊词汇。
（二）语言技能
1. 阅读
考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），包括信函、书报和杂志上的文章，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。根据所读材料，考生应能：
1) 理解主旨要义；
2) 理解文中的具体信息；
3) 理解文中的概念性含义；
4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义；
6) 理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；
7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度；
8) 区分论点和论据。
2. 写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：
1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；
2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式；
3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；
4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。
二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
（一）考试形式
考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。
试卷分试题册和答题卡（1、2）两部分。考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容与试卷结构
试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分 英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分 阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20题）：主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。要求考生根据所提供的四篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。考生在答题卡1上作答。
C节（5题）：主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。
第三部分 写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。
A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括信件、便笺、备忘录等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。
B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷结构表
部分 节 考生提供的信息 指导语语言 测试要点 题型 题目
数量 计
分 答题
卡种
类
I 英语知识运用(10分) 1篇文章(240~280) 英语 词汇、语法和结构 完形填空、多项选择题(四选一) 20 10
II 阅读理解(60分) A 4篇文章(共约1600词) 英语 理解具体信息，掌握文章大意，猜测生词词义并进行推断等 多项选择题(四选一) 20 40
B 1篇文章(共约500~600词) 英语 理解文章结构 选择搭配题 5 10
C 1篇文章(约400词)5处划线部分(约150词) 英语 理解的准确性 英译汉 5 10
III写作(30分) A 规定情景 英语 书面表达 应用文(约100词) 1 10
B 主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表达等 英语 书面表达 短文写作(160~200词) 1 20
总计 50+2 100
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷示例
Sections I use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blanks and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said the he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.
9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges.” He said.
Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.
1. A. as to
B. for instance
C. in particular
D. such as
2. A. tightening
B. intensifying
C. focusing
D. fastening
3. A. sketch
B. rough
C. preliminary
D. draft
4. A. illogical
B. illegal
C. improbable
D. improper
5. A. publicity
B. penalty
C. popularity
D. peculiarity
6. A. since
B. if
C. before
D. as
7. A. sided
B. shared
C. complied
D. agreed
8. A. present
B. offer
C. manifest
D. indicate
9. A. Release
B. Publication
C. Printing
D. Exposure
10. A. storm
B. rage
C. flare
D. flash
11. A. translation
B. interpretation
C. exhibition
D. demonstration
12. A. better than
B. other than
C. rather than
D. sooner than
13. A. changes
B. makes
C. sets
D. turns
14. A. binding
B. convincing
C. restraining
D. sustaining
15. A. authorized
B. credited
C. entitled
D. qualified
16. A. with
B. to
C. from
D. by
17. A. impact
B. incident
C. inference
D. issue
18. A. stated
B. remarked
C. said
D. told
19. A. what
B. when
C. which
D. that
20. A. assure
B. confide
C. ensure
D. guarantee
Sections II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
A. Text 1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory (NT) became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately world flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t jut something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear lf his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.” He says.
21. From the second paragraph we learn that
A. the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.
B. physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.
C. technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.
D. it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.
22. By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling” (Line 11-12, Paragraph 2), the author means that
A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.
B. there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U. S. and Canada.
C. observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
D. the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.
23. When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will
A. undergo a “cooling off” period of seven days.
B. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.
C. have an intense fear of terrible suffering.
D. face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.
24. What is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?
A. Hostile.
B. Suspicious.
C. Approving.
D. Indifferent.
25. We can infer from the text that the success of the right-to-die movement is
A. only a matter of time.
B. far from certain.
C. just an illusion.
D. a fading hope.
Text 2
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
26. According to the text, making monetary policy changes
A. is comparable to driving a car.
B. is similar to carrying out scientific work.
C. will not influence the economy immediately.
D. will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate.
27. From the text we learn that
A. there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates.
B. the economy always follows particular trends.
C. the current economic problems are entirely predictable.
D. the present economic situation is better than expected.
28. The text suggests that
A. the previous economic models are still applicable.
B. an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.
C. a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.
D. interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.
29. By saying “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 7, Paragraph 3), the author implies that
A. the low inflation rate will continue.
B. the inflation rate will rise again.
C. inflation will disappear entirely.
D. there is no inflation at present.
30. How does the author feel about the present situation?
A. Tolerant.
B. Indifferent.
C. Disappointed.
D. Surprised.
Text 3
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools t hat allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 to 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
31. We learn from the beginning of the text the Web business.
A. has been striving to expand its market.
B. intended to follow a fanciful fashion.
C. tried but in vain to control the market.
D. has been booming for one year or so.
32. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that
A. the technology is popular with many Web users.
B. businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions.
C. there is a radical change in strategy.
D. it is accessible limitedly to established partners.
33. In the view of Net purists,
A. there should be no marketing messages in online culture.
B. money making should be given priority to on the Web.
C. the Web should be able to function as the television set.
D. there should be no online commercial information without requests.
34. We learn from the last paragraph that
A. pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce.
B. interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers.
C. Leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago.
D. Setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power.
35. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to
A. urge active participation in online business.
B. elaborate on various marketing strategies.
C. compare web business with traditional commerce.
D. illustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy.
Text 4
In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generations after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community expect that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholder’s meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The “shareholders” as such had to knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
36. The author says that old family firms
A. were ruined by the younger generations.
B. failed for lack of individual initiative.
C. lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.
D. were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.
37. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in
A. the separation of capital from management.
B. the ownership of capital by managers.
C. the emergence of capital and labour as two classes.
D. The participation of shareholders in land ownership.
38. The text indicates that
A. some countries developed quickly because of their limited liability companies.
B. the tide of industrialization benefited British shareholders greatly.
C. shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy.
D. the system of shareholding impaired the management of modern companies.
39. We learn from the text that
A. shareholders often cast negative influences on the well-being of workers.
B. owners of traditional firm enjoyed a good relationship with their employees.
C. limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly.
D. trade unions had a positive role between workers and the management.
40. The author appears to be very critical of
A. family firm owners
B. shareholders
C. managers.
D. landowners.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) _____.
Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
42) _____. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
43) _____. There are also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
44 _____. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
45 _____. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
[B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
[C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
[D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
[F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
[G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually pout. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kinds think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weight others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to
1) describe the pictures,
2) deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures, and ,
3) suggest counter-measures.
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing
参考答案
Section I Use of English
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. A
17. D
18. C
19. D
20. C
Section II Reading Comprehension
21. D
22. B
23. D
24. C
25. A
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. A
30. D
31. A
32. C
33. D
34. B
35. A
36. C
37. A
38. B
39. D
40. B
Part B
41. B
42. F
43. E
44. A
45. C
Part C
46. 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为假设前提，而这种共识并不存在。
47. 有些哲学家主张，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
48. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全漠不关心。
49. 持人与动物各方面都截然不同的看法的极端分子认为，对待动物无须考虑道德因素。
50. 这种反应不应为过，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。
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